MS DHONI

Mahendra Singh Dhoni  commonly known as M. S. Dhoni; born 7 July 1981 is an Indian cricketer and the current captain of the Indian national cricket team in limited-overs formats. An attacking right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest finishers in limited-overs cricket. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in December 2004 against Bangladesh, and played his first Test a year later against Sri Lanka.

Dhoni holds numerous captaincy records such as most wins by an Indian captain in Tests and ODIs, and most back-to-back wins by an Indian captain in ODIs. He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first-ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. Under his captaincy, India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the CB Series of 2007–08, the 2010 Asia Cup, the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. In the final of the 2011 World Cup, Dhoni scored 91 not out off 79 balls to take India to victory for which he was awarded the Man of the Match. In June 2013, when India defeated England in the final of the Champions Trophy in England, Dhoni became the first captain to win all three ICC limited-overs trophies (World Cup, Champions Trophy and the World Twenty20). After taking up the Test captaincy in 2008, he led the team to series wins in New Zealand and West Indies, and the Border-Gavaskar Trophy in 2008, 2010 and 2013. In 2009, Dhoni also led the Indian team to number one position for the first time in the ICC Test rankings. In 2013, under his captaincy, India became the first team in more than 40 years to whitewash Australia in a Test series. In the Indian Premier League, he captained the Chennai Super Kings to victory at the 2010 and 2011 seasons, along with wins in the 2010 and 2014 editions of Champions League Twenty20. He announced his retirement from Tests on 30 December 2014.

CRICKET IN INDIA

Cricket is the most popular sport in India. It is played by many people throughout the country. The Indian national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, theDuleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. In addition, BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition.

Since 2000, the Indian team underwent major improvements with the appointment of John Wright, India's first ever foreign coach. This appointment met success internationally as India maintained their unbeaten home record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001 and won the inaugural ICC World T20 in 2007. India was also the first Sub-continental team to win at the WACA in January 2008 against Australia.

India's victory against the Australians in 2001 marked the beginning of a dream era for the team under the captainship of Sourav Ganguly, winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. India also shared a joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Championship, and went on to the finals in the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be beaten by Australia.

In September 2007, India won the first ever Twenty20 World Cup held in South Africa, beating Pakistan by 5 runs in a thrilling final.

India won the Cricket World Cup in 2011 under the captainship of Mahindra Singh Dhoni, the first time since 1983 – they beat Sri Lanka in the final held in Mumbai.

IPL

Cricket is the most popular sport in India. It is played by many people throughout the country. The Indian national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, theDuleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. In addition, BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition.

Since 2000, the Indian team underwent major improvements with the appointment of John Wright, India's first ever foreign coach. This appointment met success internationally as India maintained their unbeaten home record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001 and won the inaugural ICC World T20 in 2007. India was also the first Sub-continental team to win at the WACA in January 2008 against Australia.

India's victory against the Australians in 2001 marked the beginning of a dream era for the team under the captainship of Sourav Ganguly, winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. India also shared a joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Championship, and went on to the finals in the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be beaten by Australia.

T20 INTERNNATIONAL

A twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket, played between two of the top members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), in which each team faces 20 overs. The matches have major status and are the highest T20 standard. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket.

The shortened format was initially introduced to bolster crowds for the domestic game, and was not intended to be played internationally, but the first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005 when Australia defeated New Zealand, and the first tournament was played two years later, with the introduction of the ICC World Twenty20. There remain limits on how many Twenty20 Internationals a team can play each year, in order to protect Test cricket and One Day Internationals. As of 2016, there are 17 nations that feature in ICC T20I team rankings.

The shorter format of the game makes reaching the traditional milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult, and few players have achieved these. The highest individual score in a Twenty20 International is 156, made by Australia's Aaron Finch against England in 2013, while Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis is the only bowler to have taken six wickets in an innings, and fewer than twenty players have taken five wickets in an innings.

ONE DAY INTERNATIONAL

A One Day International (ODI) is a form of limited overs cricket, played between two teams with international status, in which each team faces a fixed number of overs, usually 50. The Cricket World Cup is played in this format. One Day International matches are also called Limited Overs Internationals (LOI), although this generic term may also refer to Twenty20 International matches. They are major matches and considered the highest standard of limited overs competition.

The international one-day game is a late twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. When the first three days of the third Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and, instead, play a one-off one day game consisting of 40 eight-ball overs per side. Australia won the game by 5 wickets. ODIs were played in white kits with a red ball.

In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer established the rival World Series Cricket competition, and it introduced many of the features of One Day International cricket that are now commonplace, including coloured uniforms, matches played at night under floodlights with a white ball and dark sight screens, and, for television broadcasts, multiple camera angles, effects microphones to capture sounds from the players on the pitch, and on-screen graphics. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. This led not only to Kerry Packer's Channel 9 getting the TV rights to cricket in Australia but also led to players worldwide being paid to play, and becoming international professionals, no longer needing jobs outside of cricket. Matches played with coloured kits and a white ball became more commonplace over time, and the use of white flannels and a red ball in ODIs was finally abandoned in 2001.

TEST CRICKET

Test cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket and is considered its highest standard. Test matches are played between national representative teams with "Test status", as determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). The two teams of 11 players play a four-innings match, which may last up to five days (or longer in some historical cases). It is generally considered the most complete examination of teams' playing ability and endurance. The origin of the nameTest stems from the long, gruelling match being a "test" of the relative strength of the two sides.

The first officially recognised Test match began on 15 March 1877, between England and Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), where Australia won by 45 runs. A Test match to celebrate 100 years of Test cricket was held in Melbourne from 12 to 17 March 1977, in which Australia beat England by 45 runs—the same margin as that first Test.

In October 2012, the International Cricket Council recast the playing conditions for Test matches, permitting day/night Test matches. The first day/night game took place between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide on 27 November 2015.

INTERNATIONAL CRICKET

There was no formal structure of international cricket until the early twenty-first century.  It had long been traditional for countries, without any intervention from a body such as the International Cricket Council (ICC), to organize for themselves the various cricket matches. The ICC later committed the Test cricket  playing nations to play each other in a programme of matches over a period of 10 years known as the ICC Future Tours Programme (FTP). This system was set up to encourage some of the better-established countries to play the lesser nations more frequently.

International cricket in India generally does not follow a fixed pattern. For example, the English schedule under which the nation tours other countries during winter and plays at home during the summer. Generally, there has recently been a tendency to play more one-day matches than Test matches. Cricket in India is managed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), the richest cricket board in the cricket world, yet, average cricket fans cannot get hold of tickets to see matches, much of which are distributed as largesse. Indian International Cricket Squad has also provided some of the greatest players to the world, the biggest example of which is Sachin Tendulkar. Indian cricket has a rich history. The Indian national team is currently ranked the No. 1 team in Test cricket and as the No. 2 team in one day international cricket and No. 1 in T20.

MOTIVATION

Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior. It represents the reasons for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation can also be defined as one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior and vice versa. A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way, or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior. According to Maehr and Meyer, "Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are."

Motivation can be conceived of as a cycle in which thoughts influence behaviors, behaviors drive performance, performance impacts thoughts, and the cycle begins again. Each stage of the cycle is composed of many dimensions including attitudes, beliefs, intentions, effort, and withdrawal which can all affect the motivation that an individual experiences.

The idea that human beings are rational and human behavior is guided by reason is an old one. However, recent research has significantly undermined the idea of homo economicus or of perfect rationality in favour of a more bounded rationality. The field of behavioural economics is particularly concerned with the limits of rationality in economic agents.

LEADERSHIP

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill, regarding the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations . Controversial viewpoints are present in the literature, among Eastern and Western approaches to leadership, and also within the West, on US vs. European approaches. In US academic environments leadership is defined as "a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task".  Leadership seen from a European and non-academic perspective encompasses a view of a leader who can be moved both by communitarian goals but also by the search for personal power. 

As the European researcher Daniele Trevisani states:

"Leadership is a holistic spectrum that can arise from: (1) higher levels of physical power, need to display power and control others, force superiority, ability to generate fear, or group-member's need for a powerful group protector (Primal Leadership), (2) superior mental energies, superior motivational forces, perceivable in communication and behaviors, lack of fear, courage, determination (Psychoenergetic Leadership), (3) higher abilities in managing the overall picture (Macro-Leadership), (4) higher abilities in specialized tasks (Micro-Leadership), (5) higher ability in managing the execution of a task (Project Leadership), and (6) higher level of values, wisdom, and spirituality (Spiritual Leadership), where any Leader derives its Leadership from a unique mix of one or more of the former factors". 

Studies of leadership have produced theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence, among others. 

TEAM WORK

In healthcare, teamwork is "a dynamic process involving two or more healthcare professionals with complementary background and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care".

In a business setting, accounting techniques may be used to provide financial measures of the benefits of teamwork which are useful for justifying the concept. Health-care policy-makers increasingly advocate teamwork as a means of assuring quality and safety in the delivery of services a committee of the Institute of Medicine recommended in 2000 that patient-safety programs "establish interdisciplinary team training programs for providers that incorporate proven methods of team training, such as simulation."

In health care, a systematic concept analysis in 2008 concluded teamwork to be "a dynamic process involving two or more healthcare professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care."  Elsewhere teamwork is defined as "those behaviors that facilitate effective team member interaction", with "team" defined as "a group of two or more individuals who perform some work related task, interact with one another dynamically, have a shared past, have a foreseeable shared future, and share a common fate". Another definition for teamwork proposed in 2008 is "the interdependent components of performance required to effectively coordinate the performance of multiple individuals"; as such, teamwork is "nested within" the broader concept of team performance, which also includes individual-level task work.  A 2012 review of the academic literature found that the word "teamwork" has been used "as a catchall to refer to a number of behavioral processes and emergent states".

chapter - 10

In this chapter a Grammar is the tool we use to tie all our ideas together. Process of developing flow of thought from sentence to sentence is called as elaboration. It involves 3 steps: choosing the core idea, choosing the way we want to elaborate it, choosing the way we are going to bridge it into core idea. Words combine to form images, then images combine to form the sentence, sentence combined to form the core ideas and this is elaboration. The process of elaboration is explained here.

New things that I have learnt from this chapter:

1.       It is important to look into the following:

·         What is the core idea

·         How is it elaborated

·         How is it summarized

2.       How is it transferred to write core idea Certain obvious rule that should be followed but usually are not:

·         Each step should be made small as possible

·         In proper order

·         All the steps should be included

·         Use of proper connector

·         Goal of the process should be mentioned in the beginning

3.       Meaning of logic

4.       We should express the changes in focus while beginning a new  sentences.

5.       Elaboration involves 3 steps

6.       Two ways of elaborating

·         Reason why

·         Narrative sequence

Things that I already knew about, that were given in the chapter:

·         If we are dealing with complicated process that requires number of short, separate steps.

·         Process of developing flow of thought from sentence to sentese is called elaboration.

·         Paragraph are the collection of sentences, it also has upper limit

·         Both grammar and connector are concerned with one goal- to transfer thought into other’s mind.

·         When we shift from one core idea to other, we change the focus. It is arbitrary

·         Instruction is the process of teaching someone how to do something.

·         Emphasis on certain thoughts can be made to stand out if they have their own paragraph.

·         Start with the fact that is known and combine them to gain facts that were unknown when we started

Mistakes made when answering the questions given at the end of the chapter:

·         Not able to understand the questions

·         Solved questions in group.

·         My other team members got different answers from mine

Concept that I used in blog post that I already written:

In my blog I wrote about attitude,behavior etc  First I gave the introduction to this topic in 1^st paragraph. Its all about introduction only. Then I went on explain the each important points of that topic.

Concept applied to other subjects:

Instruction is the process of teaching someone how to do something. It consists of presenting a number of steps, one after another, so that a task my be completed correctly from begging to the end.

chapter - 9

In this chapter showed what is wit, symbolism and suspense and how to build it into our writing. It also showed how to use clarity principle. Only when we make it clear our purpose of communication is met.

New things that I have learnt from this chapter:

§  Once we see the source of this wit, we can start seeking out such pivot words too.

§  Pun gives 2 meaning- we get the meaning of the original sentence and get the meaning of new sentences

§   Each of the picture word had only one meaning. As they are used over the century, they picked up second, third and even more meaning.

§  Pivot words are the special title to multiple meaning word

§  Wit is the humorous change in a pivot word, in mid- image from one meaning to another

§  Clarity results when we restricts a pilot word to only 1 meaning

§  Whole range of reinforcing double meanings contained in single word - metaphor

Things that I already knew about, that were given in the chapter:

§  Use of suspense, wit, metaphors, symbolism, and allegory adds style t our writing.

§  Different kind of meaning was chosen to give different effect

§  Grammar imperceptibly blends into literature

§  Clarity results when we restrict a pilot word to only one meaning

§  Ambiguity results when we restrict a pilot word to more than one meaning.

Mistakes made when answering the questions given at the end of the chapter:

Yet to look into it.

How can I apply this concept

     This concept can be applied in all my subjects. This chapter helped me to improve my communication and also writing skills. This i can apply when im making the presentations and writing the assignments.

chapter - 8

We can make our communication immediately understanding by making it simple and clear. In this chapter we added clarity technique to the simplicity technique and made sure that our images cant be misunderstood. It also says the importance of communication . Without picture word your sentences is empty and without connecting word they are misunderstood.

The concept which i already knew

*        The big problem with the picture word is that most of them have more than one meaning.

*        Our reader must know which of the image to use when a sentence has more than one image

*        Marvelously funny image comes out of the sentence at the first reading

*        Condensing connector is a single word like him, her, them etc.

New things that I have learnt from this chapter

*        Without picture word our sentence is empty and without connecting word they are misunderstood.

*        Process of building our sentences include picking out our images and then pick out the relationships we want to show between them.

*        When the relationships  In sentences are immediately understood by our reader then our they  are simple

*        If our images are immediately understood by our reader then our sentences are clear

Mistakes 

 I dint look into the questions. How can i apply this concept in my Blog Communication is the act of transmitting our own understanding to someone else

Concept that I applied

We can make our communication immediately understanding by making it simple and clear I want to connect this to presentation made on the day of national conference in our college by one of our seniors. She made her presentation clear by explaining all  the important points and simple by using not much sentences in it. It was a nice presentation and it could be easily understood.

chapter - 7

Learning’s from chapter:

·         Ways to avoid the monotony.

·         If words used in the sentences are difficult, sentences must be short.      

In the sentences, simplicity must be balanced with other less important sentences.

Mistakes  made during solving the problems

    Not concentrated much on it.

Concept which i used in blog        
   
       in making sentence structure simple and use of similar sentence structure often may  intrude upon the readers intention.in this chapter is something footnote to the earlier one. Because we now know the importance of simplicity. But in building simplicity we may airs another danger of monotony.

Concept which i already knew
   
       concept which I already now but when I learnt how to take sentence so repetitious and short that they were annoying the reader and transform them into longer sentence. It also explains how simplicity is vital that variety.

How can i apply this concept

         
          I can apply this concept in all my subjects. In this chapter i learnt how to use repeated words and make sentence lengthier. Though long sentences gives variety to your sentence.

chapter - 6

Learning’s from chapter

v  To improve the misuse of the connector words.

v   Dependents are tool for simplification of your thoughts

v  Repetition of words can be used to explain a process.

v  Steps to simplify the sentence.

v  Connector gives stronger tie between the 2 or more word image. 

Mistakes

mistakes are learning steps towards perfection soThere were some mistakes when i worked individually. But when i worked in group no much mistakes were found as we discussed the answers in group and wrote.

Already learnt

v  If a sentence includes more connector words, then it is a simple sentence.

v    We can repeat the words to make the sentence simple.

How can i apply this in my blog posts

            All the 10 chapters we knew to make sentences once again to make sentences using images and connectors. Transfer thoughts to others other mind. Now its all set that you re continuing the same goal with a view to make your listener clear and never confuse and to retain. 

How can i apply this concept

        We can apply it by  creating any sentence we build in picture in that in case its clear we leave it alone if not simply the sentence more so that it directly sets the reader. So we can be simplified by separating more crowded words for effortless understandable and connecting new units together with the connecting words . it must be clear , predictable and complete so that it must lead reader to understand what exactly you wanted to say.

chapter - 5

New things that I have learnt from this chapter

Ø  Even if here is no single actor or action we can understand them, because they make a sense.

Ø  Each of our sentence needs to have only enough words in it to be understood.

Ø  Effective, good, working sentences need only  have one word.

Concept which i already knew

           The length of the sentence must be decided by the speaker and the extent of talent he has to make it interesting. I believe that English is the only language which can be easily spoken and which can be modified easily when speaking.

Mistakes  made during solving the problems:

Ø  Confused with connecting words while framing the sentences.

Ø   Confused while shifting from one image to other image.

Concept from which i corrected the blog

          Only a word which doesnot make is said to be on sentence because it doesn't gives any sense.  In this chapter will see how this sentences benefits us for the flow of thought and how to adjust the length of sentences to make much clear simple.

How can it applied

           It can be applied in all my subjects. A sentence should contain the meaningful words that the sentence should contain the enough words in it to be understood .

chapter - 4

How to build understanding into every sentence you use

        

            There are mainly 3 kinds of connector. We can use two or more of them. But we must use at least one such type of connector.t his chapter is all about what are the types of connector which we can use after each sentence, how to use them. What is its importance etc .

            Three types of connectors are:

Ø  Linking connector,

Ø  Condensing connector,

Ø  Non-word connector

New things that I have  learnt from this chapter:

The fourth chapter provides insight about the connectors. There are three types of connectors they are, linking connectors, Condensing connectors and non-word connectors.

Ø  I already knew how to speak and write good English, but this chapter made me to understand more clearly by using connectors.

Ø  It is important to give our listener as much as thought as we feel is adequate at that time.

Ø  How to link your sentences together:

What I Already learnt

Ø  If a sentence includes more connector words, then it is a simple sentence.

Ø  We can repeat the words to make the sentence simple.

Mistakes

No much mistakes as we discussed the answers in group and wrote.

How can it be applied

       in this chapter can be applied in all subjects in writing the assignments. And also i can improve my communication skills. This chapter is also helpful to develop our basic fundamental knowledge.          

chapter - 3

How to build understanding into every sentence you use:

          This chapter says about the extent of understanding and the ways through which the message can be conveyed meaningfully and explain it convincingly. Here the proper use of picture words and connection words is used.

New things

 About Understanding.  The way of conveying the thoughts.

`
Understanding:

           When I explain something to someone, I would be very clear and I will explain with lots of examples. Then I noticed that people were not able to follow me. They couldn’t completely understand what I was saying. Now after reading this chapter I started to focus more on picture words, so that the same picture enters the mind of the listener and it would lead to better understanding.

Things already known

    Ø  1st Images comes to mind.

    Ø   Images play major role in mind. 

    Ø   Clear sentences.

How can i apply this concept

I consider this chapter as just the extension of the previous chapter. It explains how to communicate by providing better understanding.

chapter - 2

The 2nd chapter is about using 2 kinds of words, them to build our next larger unit of thoughts, the sentence.

There are 3 steps:

    In this their are word parts themselves, Then string those words parts together to form larger units of thoughts called sentence. And then we string these sentences together to form even larger units of thoughts called communication- stories, or explanation, or business report, or poems.

Things that I learnt from this chapter:

Ø  Learnt to connect the words which help in conveying our thoughts

Ø   Connecting words and picture words can make our thoughts easily convey to others

Ø  help me to communicate easily by using connective words

Ø  Using the right connector in the right way.

Things already knew about:

Ø  It takes time to form a correct statement.

Ø  Communicating the message as per our thoughts is not a simple task.

Ø  We should be careful while using the connecting words.

Ø  Too much of connecting words can spoil the message

Mistakes which I made while solving the questions:

Ø  Using connecting words and picture words was not easy.

Ø  As concept was really vast had difficult in reading all and finding answer.

Ø  As newly started using connecting words, fount difficult to use the right connector at right place.

Concepts of this chapter used to correct the existing blogs:

My blogs dint had connection nor pictures so after this chapters it helped me to make my blog more connective to the people. It also helps me to write a new post in very attractive way.

chapter -1

    

The Brilliance of Breakthrough

Chapter 1

            “The Brilliance of Breakthrough” by Eugene M. Schwartz. In the 1st chapter  The first page of the book begins with the sentence “How to talk and write so that the people will never forget you” it inspires  to every person who read the book with a fashion and take it as a challenge . It also teaches  how to understand and communicate in English.

what did I learned about Picture words ?

            In this first chapter Picture words is the word which has a built in picture within it for example like jasmin, boy, girl etc . there are many picture words which are still running in my mind. There are the words which draws a picture on our mind as soon as we hear it. And the connecting words means it has no built in picture in it but there is an connection in between the words like the, in ,is, Etc

What did I learned about Grammar in detail ?

           In this world, many find difficult to speak good English but Even when I speak I think whether it is right or wrong. In short I can say that I always think before I speak. It’s a book where it explains the simple way of understanding the grammar. Some students including me have massed up with grammar which has been taught in school days, because of lot of definition and meanings within it. But this book says to forget all parts of speech such as Noun, Pronoun etc. which is very unusual.

Framing a Sentence

           When writing my old blogs I was just typing what came to my mind. But I started to picture the thoughts that came to my mind. Framing sentence is not an easy task. The examples given in this book is very easy and understandable. The words in the book are also not very complicated for the readers. The sentences are beautifully framed in this book

What I learned in this chapter ?

         These are the words which are used to frame a sentence using picture words. in mind is just impossible.  The most important thing I found after reading this chapter is I started imagining the things as soon as I frame a sentence Even this sounded strange and funny in the beginning. Because learning to speak well with just two rules But when I thought about it I realized it is true. Picture words include everything and using connecting words makes it a complete sentence.

Things already knew about

Had the knowledge of picture word and connecting words but had no clue that these 2 words can make my understandable on grammar so simple.

 The first chapter gives an explanation about what the picture words and connecting words are. It is very helpful for many of the beginners because I can say that it is one kind of base of our communication knowledge. And it is easy to understand.